【2017年整理】Chapter 6 Price of Import and__ Export Commodity.ppt

Chapter 6 Price of Import and Export Commodity;Warm-up;price;About price;Outline;I. Pricing Consideration;(1) cost of production;(2) selling and delivery costs;(3) customs duties;(2) Points to be considered in Pricing;The factors to be considered;(3) Approaches to Pricing Strategies;The key to controlling the pricing process is a firm understanding of how the targeted consumer perceives the value of goods. Pricing is usually driven by three main forces: Cost Demand Competition Each can be the main focus of a company’s pricing strategy: A. Cost-oriented pricing B. Demand-oriented pricing C. Competitive-oriented pricing;Pricing Methods;Cost-oriented pricing;Break-even pricing 盈亏平衡定价法 在销量既定的条件下，企业产品的价格必须达到一定的水平才能做到盈亏平衡、收支相抵。既定的销量就称为盈亏平衡点，这种制定价格的方法就称为盈亏平衡定价法。 科学地预测销量和已知固定成本、变动成本是盈亏平衡定价的前提。;Cost-plus pricing 总成本加成定价法 在这种定价方法下，把所有为生产某种产品而发生的耗费均计入成本的范围，计算单位产品的变动成本，合理分摊相应的固定成本，再按一定的目标利润率来决定价格。 ;Marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价法 这种定价方法是使产品的价格与其边际成本相等,即P=Mc。 Marginal cost （边际成本） the added cost that occurs when a single unit of production is added to current levels. 每增加或减少单位产品所引起的总成本变化量。 It determines the effectiveness of expanding production and its ultimate effect on pricing. 理论上来讲:边际成本表示当产量增加1个单位时，总成本增加多少。一般而言，随着产量的增加，总成本递减的增加，从而边际成本下降，也就是说的规模效应。;II. Choice of Currency;hard currency vs. soft currency;III. Use of Commission and Discount;佣金的计算方法：;;折扣的计算方法：;;IV. Clause of Price 价格条款;ISO 4217 Currency Code List;examples for clause of price;examples for clause of price;examples for clause of price;