第七章. 氨基酸代谢（Chapter 7. Amino acid metabolism）.doc

第七章. 氨基酸代谢（Chapter 7. Amino acid metabolism） Chapter 7 amino acid metabolism This chapter points 1. Protein nutrition 1. Nitrogen balance Nitrogen balance Balanced nitrogen balance Nitrogen negative equilibrium 2. Essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids 3. Nutritional value and complementation of protein Protein digestion, absorption and corruption 3. Amino acid deamination Amino acids are mainly deaminized in three ways: oxidative deamination, transamination, and joint deamination. Four,? Ketoacid metabolism 1. Amino acid Switch to sugar or fat 3. Oxidative energy 5. Ammonia metabolism 1. Source and path of blood ammonia: The source of blood ammonia: the intestinal absorption; Amino acid deamination; The amide hydrolysis of amino acids; Other nitrogen containing decomposition. The passage of blood ammonia: the transformation of the liver into urea; Synthesis of amino acids; Synthesis of other nitrogenous substances; The synthesis of asparagine and glutamine; Direct discharge. 2. Transshipment of ammonia in blood The monoalanine - glucose cycle The operation of glutamine is used to transport ammonia 3. The synthesis of ornithine cycle and urea The characteristics of urea synthesis: synthesis mainly in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of the liver; To synthesize a molecule of urea requires four molecules of ATP; The arginine substituted succinic acid synthase is the key enzyme of urea synthesis. The two nitrogen atoms in the urea molecule, one from NH3, one from aspartic acid. The decarboxylation of amino acids It is catalyzed by amino acid decarboxylase, coenzyme is pyridoxal phosphate, and the product is CO2 and amine. Understand the physiological role of several important amine substances. The metabolism concept, source and physiological function of a carbon unit 8. S-adenosine methionine cycle The metabolism of aromatic amino acids The main metabolic processes in nerve tissue cells are phenylalanine, tyrosine, dopamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epi