the actin cytoskeleton as a barrier to virus infection of polarized epithelial cells肌动蛋白细胞骨架作为一个障碍极化上皮细胞的病毒感染.pdf

Viruses 2011, 3, 2462-2477; doi:10.3390/v3122462 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review The Actin Cytoskeleton as a Barrier to Virus Infection of Polarized Epithelial Cells Elizabeth Delorme-Axford and Carolyn B. Coyne * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, 518 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: coynec2@; Tel.: +1-412-383-5149; Fax: +1-412-383-6517. Received: 17 November 2011; in revised form: 7 December 2011 / Accepted: 15 December 2011 / Published: 21 December 2011 Abstract: Many diverse viruses target a polarized epithelial monolayer during host invasion. The polarized epithelium is adept at restricting the movement of solutes, ions, macromolecules, and pathogens across the mucosa. This regulation can be attributed to the presence of a junctional complex between adjacent cells and to an intricate network of actin filaments that provides support to the subapical membrane and stabilizes intercellular junctions. It is therefore not surprising th at many viruses have evolved highly varied strategies to dissolve or modulate the cortical actin meshwork to promote infection of polarized cells. In this review, we will discuss the cell biological properties of the actin cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells and revie