第10章微生物的进化`系统发育和分类鉴定（Chapter 10 ` system development and the evolution of the classification identification）.doc

第10章微生物的进化`系统发育和分类鉴定（Chapter 10 ` system development and the evolution of the classification identification） Chapter 10 evolution, phylogenetic development and classification identification of microorganisms Key points, difficult analysis The purpose of this chapter is to learn the basic concepts of microbiological taxonomy and to understand the overall development level of taxonomy. To understand the principle that biological macromolecules are used as phylogenetic research, rRNA, especially 16 (18) SrRNA is selected as the main research object; (3) grasp the basic common sense of classification naming, recognize the taxonomic significance of classification identification characteristics, and understand the development of classification identification method; To understand the classification of the berger handbook, the key point is to know the use of taxonomic information including manual, and select the appropriate characteristic determination method for microbial classification and identification. RRNA sequences and microbiological systems development, system trees, and three domain theories. Just based on phenotypic characteristics, it is often inaccurate to infer the evolutionary pedigree of microorganisms and systematically classify them. In modern times, mainly through the analysis and compare the level of microbial macromolecular structure characteristics, namely the more protein, RNA or DNA molecular sequence characteristics as microbial evolution spectrum and the main characteristics of the classification system. The theoretical basis of genealogy analysis by comparing large molecular sequences is that the evolution of these large molecular sequences is characterized by the relative constant speed of evolution. This means that the change in molecular sequence evolution (the substitution or replacement of amino acids or nucleotides) is proportional to the time of the molecular evolution. Therefore, we can determine their phylogenetic correlation or evolutio