supercritical extraction of lycopene from tomato industrial wastes with ethane超临界萃取番茄红素的西红柿和乙烷工业废物.pdf

Molecules 2012, 17, 8397-8407; doi:10.3390/molecule OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article Supercritical Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Industrial Wastes with Ethane Beatriz P. Nobre 1,2,*, Luisa Gouveia 1, Patricia G. S. Matos 2, Ana F. Cristino 2,3, 2 1 António F. Palavra and Rui L. Mendes 1 Unidade de Bioenergia, LNEG, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal 2 Centro Química Estrutural, DEQB, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal 3 Centro de Ciências Moleculares e Materiais, DQB, FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Beatriz.nobre@ist.utl.pt; Tel.: +351-218-419-070; Fax: +351-218-464-455. Received: 1 May 2012; in revised form: 3 July 2012 / Accepted: 5 July 2012 / Published: 11 July 2012 Abstract: Supercritical fluid extraction of all-E-lycopene from tomato industrial wastes (mixture of skins and seeds) was carried out in a semi-continuous flow apparatus using ethane as supercritical solvent. The effect of pressure, temperature, feed particle size, solvent superficial velocity and matrix initial composition was evaluated. Moreover, the yield of the extraction was compared with that obtained with other supercritical solvents (supercritical CO2 and a near critical mixture of ethane and propane). The recovery of all-E-