生化英文名词解释.pdf

精品文档 名词解释 Glossary 第一章 蛋白质的结构与功能 Chapter 1 Structure and Function of Protein peptide bond （肽键）：a covalent bond linking the α- amino group of one amino acid and the α-carboxyl group of another in a protein molecule. peptide （肽）：a molecule containing two or more amino acids linked by peptide bond. primary structure of protein （蛋 白 质 的 一 级 结 构 ）： the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. secondary structure of protein （蛋白质的二级结构） ：the spatial arrangement of local portions of a polypeptide chain. tertiary structure of protein （蛋白质的三级结构） ：the spatial arrangement of all the atoms of a protein or a subunit. quaternary structure of protein （蛋白质的四级结构） ：the spatial arrangement of a protein that consists of more than one folded polypeptide chain or subunit. subunit （亚基）：an individual polypeptide chain that associates with one or more separate chains to form a complete protein. motif （模序）：a substructure formed with two or more secondary-structure peptide segments that are drawn close to each other. domain （结构域）：a region within a protein, particularly within a large polypeptide, that functions in a semi-independent manner. positive cooperativity （正协同效应） ：an effect that the binding of one ligand to a protein facilitates the subsequent ligand binding. allosteric effect （变构效应）： an effect that a small molecule, called an effector, noncovalently binds to a protein and alters its activity. isoelectric point （pI ）of protein （蛋白质的等电点） ：the pH at w