胡壮麟语言学修订版笔记Chapter10.doc

Chapter 10 Language and Computer [I believe there are very few universities need this chapter. But for the integrality of the note, I will put up the note, although mainly the subtitles. – icywarmtea] What is computational linguistics? Computational linguistics is a branch of applied linguistics, dealing with computer processing of human language. (1) It includes the analysis of language data so as to establish the order in which learners acquire various grammatical rules or the frequency of occurrence of some particular item. (2) It includes electronic production of artificial speech and the automatic recognition of human speech. (3) It includes research on automatic translation between natural languages. (4) It also includes text processing and communication between people and computers. 10.1 Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) 10.1.1 CAL / CAI vs. CALL CAI (Computer-assisted instruction) means the use of a computer in a teaching program. CAL (Computer-assisted learning) refers to the use of a computer in teaching and learning and in order to help achieve educational objectives. CAI aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher, whereas CAL emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning. CALL (Computer-assisted language learning) means the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. If CAI or CAL deals with teaching and learning problems in general, CALL deals with language teaching and learning in particular. 10.1.2 Phases of CALL development (4 periods) 1. During this period, computers were large mainframe machines kept in research institutions. 2. Small computers appeared and cost cheaper than before, which made a generation of programs possible. 3. The learning was not so much supplied by the language of the text itself as by the cognitive problem-solving techniques and the interaction between students in the group. 4. Instead of writing specific programs for language teaching, word