《[词汇学]早期现代英语特征_莎士比亚语言为例》.pdf
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A Glimpse into Early
Modern English
How William Shakespeare created
English Language
--Early Modern English
in William Shakespeares dramas
Active Recreation of Loan Words
Shakespeare’s scripts contain over 2200 never-before-seen words—
a diverse collection of loan-words from foreign languages,
compound words from existing English terms, nouns turned into
verbs, and creatively applied prefixes.
Borrowing of New Words
Historical Background: Renaissance
The demand for translations of these works stimulated the borrowing of words
from the classical languages.
Borrowing of New Words
- New words from Latin and Greek
ex. These include such words as accommodation, addiction,
anticipate, compatible, democracy, education, encyclopedia, excellent,
pretext and profitable.
Borrowing of New Words
In Shakespeares Case: the use of foreign words
ex. “Negotiate” in Much Ado About Nothing (无事生非)
ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from Latin negotiat - ‘done in the course of business,’
from the verb negotiari, from negotium ‘business,’ from neg - ‘not’ + otium
‘leisure.’
In Much Ado About Nothing
Let every eye negotiate for itself,
And trust no agent, for beauty is a witch
Against whose charms faith meltedth into blood.
让恋人用自己的眼睛去传达情意 ,
不用请人代劳 ,因为美貌是个女巫,
她的魔力会使忠诚被热情取代。
Extending the Usage of Words and Phrases
Historical Background: Changes in the Vocabulary of English Language
- Disappearance of Inflectional Endings
Modern English was becoming more flexible
Extending the Usage of Words and Phrases
Deviation away from Original Meanings
ex.1 egregious, or exemplary
-Original Meaning: excellent
-Extened Meanings
Exemplary
Extending the Usage of Words and Phrases
- Transition between Noun and Verb
Writers were able to invent new uses for words with great freedom. For example,
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