国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版).docx

Unit 1~2Mercantilism重商主义Trade surplus贸易顺差Quota and tariff配额和关税Zero-sum game零和博弈Positive-sum game常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论Product life cycle产品生命周期Economies of scale规模经济First mover advantage先占优势Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage国家竞争优势The department of commerce商务部Letter of credit信用证Draft /bill of exchange汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft即期汇票Time draft远期汇票Banker‘s acceptance银行承兑Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase互购贸易Compensation trade补偿贸易1.波特钻石理论的主要内容① Factor endowments ② Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry ③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries 2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点①Types of countertradeCountertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback②The pros and cons of countertrade优：① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available. ② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.缺：① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.Unit3Strategic alliance 战略联盟Licensing 许可证Joint venture 合资经营Contracting 承包经营Partnership 合资人Return on investment 投资回报率Franchising 特许经营Contract manufacturing 生产承包Management contracting 管理承包许可贸易的优缺点优：The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is the ease and low cost of entering a foreign market.Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be u