三国鼎立形成的原因.doc
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论三国鼎立形成的原因
摘 要 东汉末年,天下大乱,群雄逐鹿中原,曹操、孙权和刘备皆乱世之英雄。他们三人都具有各不相同的个体人格,在他们的这种人格魅力的影响之下、三方均吸引了独霸一方所需要的大批人才。在残酷的战争中,他们依靠这些智能之士纷纷脱颖而出。建立起自己的势力,但是相比之下,孙、刘依靠各自的实力都不足以与统一北方的曹操相抗衡,于是孙刘联合,北抗曹操,赢得了赤壁大捷,从而奠定了了三方鼎足之基。三方在这些智能人士的协助之下都建立起自己的割据势力,并且进行了各自的政治、经济改革。改革不仅壮大了各自的实力,也为三方鼎立的形成创造了条件。最终在必要的地理环境条件下,构成了三国鼎立局面的形成。
关键词 个体人格 经济改革 基本国策 吴蜀联盟 人才集团 地理环境
An Analysis of the Form of the Coexistence of Three Kingdoms
Abstact In the later stage of DongHan Dynasty, revolts arised everywhere and many heros wang to get the imperial crown .Cao Cao Sun Quan and Liu Bei are all the heros in the troublous age, Each of them has different characters and a lot of talents crownded under their flags attracted by their personality ang loftness .With the great help of those talents ,they were slown up soon amony all the heros. However depending on their own strength, either Sun or Liu can flight with Cao cao who had already unified the north . So Sun and Liu flight with Cao Cao together and they have won the batter of red cliff, which has made a foundation for the conexistence of three kingdoms. Then they founded their own kingdoms and made reformation in polotics and economics which has strengthen their economy and made a foundation to the arise of conexistence of three kingdoms. At last in the necessary circumstance of geographical, the coexistence of the three kingdoms is formed.
Key words thexistence of three kingdoms character economic reformation basic national policy he alliance of wu and sun the group of trained personal geographical environment
黄初元年(公元220年),曹丕称帝,国号魏;章武元年(公元221年),刘备亦称帝,国号汉,史称蜀汉;黄龙元年(公元229年),孙权最后称帝,国号吴。至此,三国鼎立的局面正式形成。
关于三国鼎立形成的原因,学术界有一定的关注和重视,可以说是众说纷纭、见仁见智,并取得了一定的成就,但也存在这一些有争议的内容。有鉴于此,笔者不揣浅陋拟就此问题,谈一些粗浅的看法和不成熟的认识。
曹、刘、孙的个体人格
东汉末年的黄巾起义,使东汉政权风雨飘摇、大厦将倾;董卓之乱,更是雪上加霜。这就导致了天下的分崩离析和军阀混战的局面,此后,中原逐鹿,曹操首先脱颖而出。
从谋诛宦官、反对董卓时,曹操就已经名震天下。众所周知,他是汉末三国时期杰出的政治家和军事家。在长期的政治斗争和戎马生涯中,曹操“挟天子以令诸侯”[1](P912),取得了政治上的优势,与此同时,他抑制豪强、移风易俗、澄清吏治和革除弊政,推行了一系列有利于社会发展的政策和措施。
在用人上,曹操大胆革新。他不重视
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