基于卡尔曼滤波的电网频率检测测与预测解析.doc

摘 要 频率偏移严重影响电力系统运行的可靠性，对电力用户经济性与安全性产生危害。频率偏移严重时，还可能导致电力系统瓦解，造成重大供电事故。故频率稳定是系统安全、经济运行的重要指标。电力系统频率是检验电能生产质量的指标之一，也是衡量电力系统运行状态的重要参数。一般情况下，系统频率反映了电力系统中有功功率供需平衡的基本状态，它将随负荷波动在小范围内缓慢变化。在稳定的运行状态中，发电机输出功率与系统负荷及损耗维持平衡，但大容量负荷或发电机的投切以及控制设备的不完善都可能导致频率偏移，给电力系统的稳定运行和用户设备的正常工作带来影响，如不采取有效措施，将导致机组损坏、系统瓦解的重大恶性事故，造成巨大经济损失。因而电力系统频率检测和控制是系统运行的重要任务之一。 本课题主要是采用基于卡尔曼滤波原理，设计出对电网频率进行综合检测和预测的方案来对电网进行频率检测和预测，最后通过实例验证证明了该方案的可行性。这对于提高电力系统运行的稳定性具有重要的作用。 关键词：频率偏移，检测，控制，卡尔曼滤波 Abstract Frequency offset seriously affect the reliability of the power system operation, it is harm to power users and security of economic .When the frequency offset serious, may also lead to the collapse of the power system, resulting in significant power accident. Therefore, the frequency stability of system security is important to indicator of economic performance. Power system frequency is not only one of the indicators of the quality inspection of power production, but also an important parameter to measure the state of the power system operation. General, the system reflects the power system frequency active power supply and demand balance in the basic state; it will slowly change with load fluctuations within a small range. In steady state operation, the generator output power and the system load and the loss are maintaining a balance. However, switching of the generator and control equipment imperfect or large capacity load may lead to frequency offset, and it will impact the normal operation and stable operation of the power system, it will result in damage to the unit, major fatal accidents system collapse when no measures were taken, and it will cause huge economic losses. Thus the power system frequency detection and control is one of the important tasks of system operation. The main subject is based on the principle of Kalman filter, designed to be integrated grid frequency detection and prediction programs to detect and predict the frequency on the grid. finally，an example was verified to demonstrate the feas