the biological deep sea hydrothermal vent as a model to study carbon dioxide capturing enzymes深海生物深海热液喷口作为模型来研究二氧化碳捕获酶.pdf

Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 719-738; doi:10.3390/md9050719 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Review The Biological Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent as a Model to Study Carbon Dioxide Capturing Enzymes Zoran Minic 1,* and Premila D. Thongbam 2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada 2 Biochemistry Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India; E-Mail: pthongbam2000@yahoo.co.in * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: zom198@mail.usask.ca or zoranminic@yahoo.fr; Tel.: + 1-306-370-4701. Received: 20 March 2011; in revised form: 14 April 2011 / Accepted: 20 April 2011 / Published: 28 April 2011 Abstract: Deep sea hydrothermal vents are located along the mid-ocean ridge system, near volcanically active areas, where tectonic plates are moving away from each other. Sea water penetrates the fissures of the volcanic bed and is heated by magma. This heated sea water rises to the surface dissolving large amounts of minerals which provide a source of energy and nutrients to chemoautotrophic organisms. Although this environment is characterized by extreme conditions (high temperature, high pressure, chemical toxicity, acidic pH and absence of photosynthesis) a diversity of microorganisms and many animal species are specially adapted to this hostile environment. These organisms have developed a very efficient metabolism for the assimilation of inorganic CO2 from the ext