antarctic marine biodiversity and deep-sea hydrothermal vents南极海洋生物多样性和深海热液喷口.pdf

Primer Antarctic Marine Biodiversity and Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents Steven L. Chown* Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa for more ocean-going, or pelagic species, such as the albatrosses Abstract: The diversity of many marine benthic groups is and petrels, diversity peaks are typical of the mid-latitudes [7,8]. In unlike that of most other taxa. Rather than declining from both cases, diversity still tends to drop off at the sub-polar and the tropics to the poles, much of the benthos shows high polar latitudes. In many benthic groups the pattern is completely diversity in the Southern Ocean. Moreover, many species different. Diversity does decline in the far north, but does not do so are unique to the Antarctic region. Recent work has in the Southern Ocean (the region around and to the south of the shown that this is also true of the communities of Antarctic Polar Front—the dynamic location where cold Antarctic Antarctic deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Vent ecosystems and warmer sub-Antarctic waters meet). Rather, some groups have been documented from many sites across the globe, associated with the thermally and chemically variable show their highest richness here. Taking survey effort and area habitats found around these, typically high temperature, into account, organisms such as pycnogonids, bryozoans, isopods,