studies on xenopus laevis intestine reveal biological pathways underlying vertebrate gut adaptation from embryo to adult研究非洲爪蟾蜍光滑的肠揭示生物学途径基本脊椎动物肠道适应从胚胎到成人.pdf

Heimeier et al. Genome Biology 2010, 11:R55 /2010/11/5/R55 R E S E A R C H Open Access Research Studies on Xenopus laevis intestine reveal biological pathways underlying vertebrate gut adaptation from embryo to adult 1,2 1 3 1,4 1 Rachel A Heimeier* , Biswajit Das , Daniel R Buchholz , Maria Fiorentino and Yun-Bo Shi* The developmental transcriptome of the Xeno-Vertebrate gut developmentdevelopment in all vertebrates.pus laevis intestine, frreveals insights into thom embryo to adult,e regulation of gut Abstract Background: To adapt to its changing dietary environment, the digestive tract is extensively remodeled from the embryo to the adult during vertebrate development. Xenopus laevis metamorphosis is an excellent model system for studying mammalian gastrointestinal development and is used to determine the genes and signaling programs essential for intestinal development and maturation. Results: The metamorphosing intestine can be divided into four distinct developmental time points and these were analyzed with X. laevis microarrays. Due to the high level of conservation in developmental signaling programs and homology to mammalian genes, annotations and bioinformatics analysis were based on human orthologs. Clustering of the expression patterns revealed co-expressed genes involved in essential cell processes such as apoptosis and proliferation. The two largest clusters of genes have expression peaks and troughs at the climax of metamorphosis, respectively. Novel conserved gene ontology categories regulated during this period include transcriptional activity, signal transduction, and metabolic processes. Additionally, we identified larval/embryo- and adult-specific