the antiestrogens tamoxifen and fulvestrant abolish estrogenic impacts of 17α-ethinylestradiol on male calling behavior of xenopus laevis它莫西芬抗雌激素和17α-ethinylestradiol fulvestrant废除雌激素的影响对男性要求非洲爪蟾蜍的行为光滑的.pdf

The Antiestrogens Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant Abolish Estrogenic Impacts of 17a-ethinylestradiol on Male Calling Behavior of Xenopus laevis 1 1,2 Frauke Hoffmann *, Werner Kloas 1 Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany, 2 Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany Abstract Various synthetic chemicals released to the environment can interfere with the endocrine system of vertebrates. Many of these endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) exhibit estrogenic activity and can interfere with sexual development and reproductive physiology. More recently, also chemicals with different modes of action (MOAs), such as antiestrogenic, androgenic and antiandrogenic EDCs, have been shown to be present in the environment. However, to date EDC-research primarily focuses on exposure to EDCs with just one MOA, while studies examining the effects of simultaneous exposure to EDCs with different MOAs are rare, although they would reflect more real, natural exposure situations. In the present study the combined effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic EDCs were assessed by analyzing the calling behavior of short-term exposed male Xenopus laevis . The estrogenic 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and the antiestrogenic EDCs tamoxifen (TAM) and fulvestrant (ICI) were used as model substances. As previously demonstrated, sole EE2 exposure (10 210 M) resulted in significant alterations of the male calling behavior, including altered temporal and spectral parameters of the advertisement calls. Sole TAM (10 27 M, 1028 M, 10 210 M) or ICI (1027 M) exposure, on the other hand, did not affect any of the measured parameters. If frogs were co-exposed to EE2 (10210 M)