anthropogenic disturbance can determine the magnitude of opportunistic species responses on marine urban infrastructures人为干扰的大小可以确定机会物种反应对海洋的城市基础设施.pdf

Anthropogenic Disturbance Can Determine the Magnitude of Opportunistic Species Responses on Marine Urban Infrastructures Laura Airoldi1,2*, Fabio Bulleri3,4 ` 1 Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale and Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali in Ravenna, Universita di Bologna, Ravenna, ` Italy, 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America, 3 Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita ` di Pisa, CoNISMa, Pisa, Italy, 4 Dipartimento di Science Botaniche, Ecologiche e Geologiche, Universita di Sassari, Sassari, Italy Abstract Background: Coastal landscapes are being transformed as a consequence of the increasing demand for infrastructures to sustain residential, commercial and tourist activities. Thus, intertidal and shallow marine habitats are largely being replaced by a variety of artificial substrata (e.g. breakwaters, seawalls, jetties). Understanding the ecological functioning of these artificial habitats is key to planning their design and management, in order to minimise their impacts and to improve their potential to contribute to marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nonetheless, little effort has been made to assess the role of human disturbances in shaping the structure of assemblages on marine artificial infrastructures. We tested the hypothesis that some negative impacts associated with the expansion of opportunistic and invasive species