the impact of the species–area relationship on estimates of paleodiversitypaleodiversity物种-区域关系的估计的影响.pdf

Open access, freely available online PLoS BIOLOGY The Impact of the Species–Area Relationship on Estimates of Paleodiversity 1,2* 1 1 Anthony D. Barnosky , Marc A. Carrasco , Edward B. Davis 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 2 Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America Estimates of paleodiversity patterns through time have relied on datasets that lump taxonomic occurrences from geographic areas of varying size per interval of time. In essence, such estimates assume that the species–area effect, whereby more species are recorded from larger geographic areas, is negligible for fossil data. We tested this assumption by using the newly developed Miocene Mammal Mapping Project database of western North American fossil mammals and its associated analysis tools to empirically determine the geographic area that contributed to species diversity counts in successive temporal bins. The results indicate that a species–area effect markedly influences counts of fossil species, just as variable spatial sampling influences diversity counts on the modern landscape. Removing this bias suggests some traditionally recognized peaks in paleodiversity are just artifacts of the species–area effect while others stand out as meriting further attention. This discovery means that there is great potential for refining existing time-series estimates of paleodiversity, and for using species–area relationships to more reliably understand the magnitude and timing of such biotically impor