《形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法和构成法.doc

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法和构成法 I 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法 1）同级比较。常用句型为：肯定结构：as+形容词（副词）原级+ as否定结构：not so (as)+形容词（副词）原级+as如： Our garden is as beautiful as theirs.Jane didnt write as/so carefully as her elder sister.上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：This room is three times as large as that one. 2）程度不等的比较，常与than连用，其基本句型是： A+形容词（副词）比较级+ than B如：Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. Which do you like better, strawberries or grapes? 3）最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：the+形容词（副词）最高级+比较范围（of/among/in短语） 如： Spring is the best season in Shanghai.David is the cleverest among the three brothers. Tom jumps (the) farthest of all the students.注：副词的最高级前the可以省略。 II 学习比较等级时的—些注意事项 1）比较的对象应当一致。如：Its hotter in Guangzhou than Beijing.（误）Its hotter in Guangzhou than in Beijing.（正）A womans heart beats faster than a man.（误）A womans heart beats faster than a man’s.（正） 2)不能与自身相比较。应借助other或else来表达排除。如：Beckham is more popular than any football player in the world.（误） Beckham is more popular than any other football player in the world（正）Beckham is more popular than all the other football players in the world.（正）Beckham is more popular than any football player, else in the world.（正）Beckham is the most popular football player in the world.（正） 3)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰：much, even, far, a bit, a little, a lot，still等。This pair of shoes is even cheaper.The new textbook is a little thicker than the old one.He is five years younger than I. 4)在比较级的句子中出现“of the two”之类的结构时，比较级前也需加定冠词the。如：He is the shorter of the two boys.Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 5)“比较级+ and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”，多音节词则要用“more+ and+more+原级”。如：A block of ice is becoming smaller and smaller.I am more and more interested in history. 6)“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越是……就越”。如：The sooner, the better.（越快越好。）The busier he is, the happier he feels. III 多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。  构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est tall（高的）great（巨大的） tallergreater tallestgreatest 以不发音的e