非谓语动词（含答案解析） 高考英语抢分秘籍 （全国专用）.docx

非谓语动词 考点汇总 考点汇总 年份 试卷 所考题型 所占分值 所考知识点 2022 全国甲卷 -ing 1 planing to do 0 -- done 1.5 held(作定语) 全国乙卷 -ing 2.5 causing,inviting to do 1.5 to strengthen目的状语 done 0 -- 2021 全国甲卷 -ing 2.5 talking ;spending做宾语 to do 1.5 to walk做主语 done 0 -- 全国乙卷 -ing 1.5 visiting 作宾语 to do 1.5 to have 目的状语 done 0 -- 2020 全国卷I -ing 0 -- to do 1.5 to find做目的状语 done 1 fried作定语 全国卷II -ing 0 -- to do 1.5 to increase done 0 -- 知识梳理 知识梳理 I．非谓语充当的句子成分 属性 名词 形容词 副词 成分 主语 宾语 表语 同位语 定语 补语 状语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ × √ √ √ II.重难点 一、名词属性 1.不定式和动名词做主语 1)不定式表示具体一次的或将来的动作;动名词表示一贯的行为习惯。 Smoking is harmful to people’s health. It isn’t good for you to smoke so much. 2)it作形式主语 一般动词不定式习惯用it作形式主语，动名词直接放在句首，一些特殊句式除外，此特殊句有：It’s no use doing something./It’s no good doing something. / lt’s a waste of time doing something. It is kind of you to help me. It is no use sending him here now. It’s too late already. 2.不定式，动名词和分词作表语 1)表语为名词性时，用不定式和动名词。不定式表示将来的动作;动名词表示一贯的行为习惯。 Reading is learning, but applying is also learning.(一般习惯) Our task now is to increase food production.(表将来) 2)表语为形容词性时，用分词。 What you’ve told me is very surprising. The door remained locked. 3.不定式和动名词作宾语 1)不定式表示将来的动作;动名词表示一贯的行为习惯。 2)不定式作宾语，当有宾补时要用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在句尾;动名词 作宾语，当有宾补时，一般在原位。 They found it impossible for those teenagers to get everything ready in time. I don’t think it necessary to go on with the experiment. Some people think jogging too boring to keep. 4.不定式和动名词作同位语 不定式表示将来的动作;动名词表示一贯的行为习惯。 His dream, to explore more in his field, motivates him all the time. His hobby, travelling and reading, enriches his life to the fullest. 二、形容词属性 1.不定式和分词作宾补 1)不定式作宾补时，表示宾语的动作未做;分词作宾补表示宾语正在进行，或已经做完或一贯的动作，也可表示一种状态。 He ordered the work to be started at once. She felt her heart beating very fast. I saw them seated at the back of the classroom. When I deliver a speech, you must make yourself heard. 2.不定式、动名词和分词作定语 1)不定式作后置定语，表示所修饰的名词将来的动作。但在the only; 序数词the first, the second; 顺序词the last, the next; 形容词最高级修饰的名词后的主动式用不定式作定语，不分