第五节 词的转译.doc

第五节 词类转译法（二） 转译成名词 英语中有很多由名词派生或转用的动词，在汉语中找不到相应的动词时，可转译成汉语名词。 名词派生的动词 Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。 As the war progressed, this general would symbolize frustrations and defeats. 随着战争的进行，这位将军成了受挫和失败的象征。 To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。 名词转用的动词 In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky. Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth’s atmosphere after completing their missions. Some of them were already planning to staff the government before the Democratic candidate won the general election completely. 黎明时，天空映出了瞭望塔的轮廓。 美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。 他们中的有些人，在民主党候选人彻底获胜之前，已经在为政府计划人事安排。 作业： 1. The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two. 2. The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. 3. On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China. 4. Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job at the fertilizer works. 5. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 6. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of the relations of two countries. （二）有些英语被动句中的动词，可译成“受（遭）到…+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。 1）Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. government and press during this period, victimized for his views. 2) Throw a tennis ball on the floor. The ball bounces back. In the same way, when light falls on certain things it bounces back. When this happens, the light is said to be reflected. 3) Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. 1）在这期间，斯诺受到了美国政府和新闻界极不公正的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。 2）将网球扔到地板上，球会弹回来。同样，光照到某些物体上时也会弹回来。这种情况叫做光受到反射。 3）由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。 作业： 1. He warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be damaged by a continuation of the war. 2. His image as a good student was badly tarnished because of cheating at exam. 3