yes-associated protein 65 (yap) expands neural progenitors and regulates pax3 expression in the neural plate border zoneyes-associated蛋白65(yap)扩展神经祖细胞和调节pax3表达神经板的边界地带.pdf

Yes-Associated Protein 65 (YAP) Expands Neural Progenitors and Regulates Pax3 Expression in the Neural Plate Border Zone 1,2 2 2 3 4 Stephen T. Gee , Sharon L. Milgram , Kenneth L. Kramer , Frank L. Conlon , Sally A. Moody * 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 2 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Departments of Biology and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 4 Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America Abstract Yes-associated protein 65 (YAP) contains multiple protein-protein interaction domains and functions as both a transcriptional co-activator and as a scaffolding protein. Mouse embryos lacking YAP did not survive past embryonic day 8.5 and showed signs of defective yolk sac vasculogenesis, chorioallantoic fusion, and anterior-posterior (A-P) axis elongation. Given that the YAP knockout mouse defects might be due in part to nutritional deficiencies, we sought to better characterize a role for YAP during early development using embryos that develop externally. YAP morpholino (MO)- mediated loss-of-function in both frog and fish resulted in incomplete epiboly at gastrulation and impaired axis formation, similar to the mouse phenotype. In frog, germ layer specific genes were expressed, but they were temporally delayed. YAP MO-mediated partial knockdown in frog allowed a shortened axis to form. YAP gai