英语专业【词汇学】课件：IV. Growth of Present-day English Vocabulary.ppt

4.2.2 Semantic change Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. This does not increase the number of word forms but create many more new usages of words, thus enriching the vocabulary. Mouse Windows Antidote 解毒药→抗病毒程序 Babysit: to look after one’s baby while their parents are away→ look after something while their owners are away 4.2.3 Borrowing Borrowing has played a very important role in the development of vocabulary, esp. in early times. black humor---humour noir tsunami 海啸 （from Japanese) rendezvous (from French) 约会(地点) Sushi (from Japanese) 寿司 From Chinese: transliteration 音译: wok litchi ginseng chopsuey (tzap-sui) Silk sampan Loan translation 意译 Bean curd soy sauce Steamed bun chopsticks Transliteration + free translation音义兼译 brick tea Growth of Present-day English Vocabulary Two thirds of English words were created in the past several hundred years. About 850 new words enter the language each year. Much more new words than this number. the magazine The Barnhart Dictionary Companion: 1500 new words and new meanings entering into their corpus each year. Examples: Aerotrain 悬浮火车 Netizen 网民 Video-phone 可视电话 Obamanomics 奥巴马经济、奥巴马经济政策 Clintonspeak: The typical language, or vocabulary of Bill Clinton: His evasive response concerning his use of Marijuana at Oxford—‘I have never broken the laws of my country’—and his subsequent claim—‘I never inhale’—seem the quintessence of Clintonspeak. By failing to give straight answers, he has raised further questions about his reliability. “Man-caused disasters” is Obamaspeak for Islamic Terrorism. “人为灾害”是指代伊斯兰恐怖主义的奥巴马新词。 -Speak: a combining form. American writer George Orwell created the following words: doublespeak 假话，欺人之谈，（故意说得）而含糊的话 Newspeak 新话，（指以模棱两可和自相矛盾为特点的宣传语言） His facts are not facts, but newspeak. 他的论据不符合事实，而是颠倒黑白的宣传 old speak. 陈词滥调 Now