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英语专业词汇学第8章.ppt

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Chapter8EnglishIdiom

Objectives:Todiscussthecharacteristicsofidioms;Toexplaintheirclassificationanduses.TeachingFocus:TheCharacteristicsofIdiomsTheClassificationofIdomsTheUsesofIdioms

DefinitionIdiomisasetexpressionmadeupoftwoormorewords;itfunctionsasaunitofmeaningwhichcannotbepredictedfromitsliteralmeaningofitscomponentwords.作为一个意义单位使用的,意义不能从其独立的组成局部得出的一种表达法。Forexample,theidiom“showthewhitefeather”means“toshowfear”,andthemeaningofthisidiomhasnothingtodowith“feather”.

I.CharacteristicsofIdioms1.SemanticUnity语义的整体性Semanticunity:thesenseofthecombinationcannotbeexplainedintermsofitsconstituentparts.Eachidiomisasemanticunity.Thesemanticunitycanbereflectedbythefactthatthemeaningofanidiomisveryoftennotthetotalsumofthemeaningsoftheconstituentwords.Thesemanticunitycanalsobeshownintheillogicalrelationsbetweentheliteralmeaningsoftheconstituentwordsandthemeaningoftheidiom.

structurallyanalyzed,theformofanidiomissetandonlyalimitednumberofidiomscanbesaidorwritteninanyotherwaywithoutdestroyingthemeaningoftheidiom.e.g.inthesameboat???inthesameship?Structuralstabilitymeansthatthestructureofanidiomusuallyremainsunchangeable.Inotherwords,theconstituentcomponentsofanidiomcannot,generallyspeaking,bereplaced.2.StructuralStability结构的固定性

Theconstituentsofidiomscannotbechangedorreplaced.习语的成分不能替换。Thewordordercannotbeinvertedorchanged.习语的词序不可颠倒或更换。Theconstituentsofanidiomcannotbedeletedoraddedto,notevenanarticle.习语的构成成分不可增减,即使是冠词也不行。Manyidiomsaregrammaticallyunanalysable.很多习语在语法上是不可分析的。

II.ClassificationofIdiomsAccordingtogrammaticalfunction,idiomscanbedividedinto5types:1.IdiomsVerbalinNature2.IdiomsNominalinNature3.IdiomsAdjectivalinNature4.IdiomsAdverbialinNature5.Se

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