婴儿营养素基本知识（Basic knowledge of infant nutrition）.doc

婴儿营养素基本知识（Basic knowledge of infant nutrition） Basic knowledge of nutrients Nutrients are the main nutrients that sustain human existence Nutrients can be divided into six broad groups: Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and water Protein 1: (1) food sources: Eggs, milk, lean meat, fish, soy products, and wheat, rice, dried fruits, corn, etc. (2) lack of performance: Hinder the normal development of cells and tissues, resulting in growth retardation, immune function decline, serious life-threatening Two, fat: (1) food sources: Vegetable oil, animal oil (2) lack of performance: Affect the development of the brain, causing certain skin diseases (such as eczema), growth retardation (3) excessive performance: Slow digestion, obesity, and increased burden on the heart and other organs DHA is an essential nutrient for the brain, which needs to be supplemented by 20 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. NHA:EPA=4:1, deep sea fish oil is better than seaweed oil extract. Three, carbohydrates (1) food sources: Cereals, rhizomes, and sugar. Vegetables, fruits also contain a small amount of fructose, pectin and cellulose (2) lack of performance: Growth retardation, light weight, fatigue, dizziness, etc. (3) excessive performance: To store fat, resulting in obesity, diarrhea; if excessive intake of carbohydrates, protein intake is reduced, the imbalance is caused by lower immunity, muscle development, seemingly more fat, but the low level of physical health Four minerals: 1, calcium (1) main physiological functions: Calcium is an important component of human bones and teeth, promote blood clotting, and diastolic in heart and muscle contraction, complete the conduction of nerve impulses to maintain cell membrane permeability, activation of enzymes. (2) the factors affecting calcium absorption: Lack of vitamin D, too much fat or fat malabsorption in food or plant salt and calcium oxalate can form a solution, not easily absorbed calcium salt (3) the influence of c