the effect of osmolytes on protein fibrillationosmolytes在蛋白质纤维性颤动的影响.pdf

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 3801-3819; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Article The Effect of Osmolytes on Protein Fibrillation Francesca Macchi 1,†, Maike Eisenkolb 2, Hans Kiefer 2 and Daniel E. Otzen 1,* 1 iNANO, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; E-Mail: francesca@inano.au.dk 2 Hochschule Biberach, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, D-88400 Biberach, Germany; E-Mails: eisenkolb@hochschule-bc.de; kiefer@hochschule-bc.de † Present address: Zealand Pharma A/S, Smedeland 36, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: dao@inano.au.dk; Tel.: +45-87-41-54-41; Fax: +45-86-12-31-78. Received: 9 February 2012; in revised form: 10 March 2012 / Accepted: 13 March 2012 / Published: 21 March 2012 Abstract: Osmolytes are small molecules that are exploited by cells as a protective system against stress conditions. They favour compact protein states which makes them stabilize globular proteins in vitro and promote folding. Conversely, this preference for compact states promotes aggregation of unstructured proteins. Here we combine a brief review of the effect of osmolytes on protein fibrillation with a report of the effect of osmolytes on the unstructured peptide hormon