文档详情

lecture3主题主语突出概要.ppt

发布:2017-03-02约7.56千字共17页下载文档
文本预览下载声明
subject-prominence vs. topic-prominence 英语的主语突出 汉语的话题突出 英语的subject-prominence 谓语动词前是主语。主语和谓语 在人称、性、数上匹配。有施事 主语、受事主语、形式主语(it)、 话题主语。 ~主谓一致 ~主语不可缺 ~主语是名词或代词成分 汉语的topic-prominence 谓语动词前的成分灵活,可以是 主语,也可以是话题。话题不是 主谓宾那样的语法成分,而是陈 述说明的对象。如果一个句子有 话题,其它部分就是说明,负责 对话题进行描述、说明或评估。 不讲究人称、数、性上面形式的 一致性 . 汉语:主题/话题突出:汉语的话题—评述句 topic + comment [TC] / Theme + rheme [TR] 1. 动作发出者作话题 成百万原来享受公费医疗的城市居民,今后的医疗费用要自己承担一部分。 Millions of urban residents who were entitled to free medical care will have to pay part of their medical expenses. 搞西洋画的,生活环境也应该洋一点。 Those who specialize in Western painting should live in an environment of Western styles. 2. 动作承受者作话题 那件事我已经办好了。I have handled the matter. 这个人我见过。I have seen the man somewhere. 汉语:主题/话题突出 汉语的话题—评述句 topic + comment [TC] / Theme + rheme [TR] 3.动词或动词短语作话题 吃,北京很方便。 It is easy to find various restaurants in Beijing./Vavarious restaurants are available in Beijing. 加入世贸组织利大于弊。 China will witness more benefits than losses after its entry into WTO. 4.从句作话题 张三明天去美国,我觉得很奇怪。 That Zhang San is going to the USA tomorrow strikes me strange. / It strikes me strange that Zhang San is going to the USA tomorrow. 历史系开会,我可以跟李四提一提。 At the meeting of History Department, I’ll mention it to Li Si. 汉语:主题/话题突出:汉语的话题—评述句 topic + comment [TC] / Theme + rheme [TR] 5. 地点作话题 信封里装不下这些照片。 The envelope can’t hold the photos. 桌上搁着一碗饭。 A bowl of rice is on the table. 6. 时间作话题 今天风和日暖。 The wind is gentle and the sun is warm today. 这么快就盖好了一栋房子。 The house was built at an admirable speed. 汉语的无主句 (zero/null-subject sentence) 1. 表示客观、科学、公正的语气(科技材料、法律条文) 在海拔3000米的高空采集到了这种空气样本。 This air sample has been collected at the altitude of 3,000 meters. 要制造飞机,就要考虑空气阻力的问题。 Air resistance has to be taken into consideration when an airplane is to be made. 用机械加工的方法,特别是用磨削的方法,可以获得最佳表面光洁度。 Best surface fin
显示全部
相似文档