骨病医大内分泌科介绍教学课件.ppt

* * * * * These images illustrate the microarchitecture of vertebrae of normal bone, osteoporosis and severe osteoporosis. In the normal bone, note the perpendicular orientation between the horizontal and vertical trabeculae. This interconnectivity of the three-dimensional lattice of the trabeculae makes the vertebral bodies particularly well suited to support compressive loads. In the osteoporotic vertebrae, one sees loss of connectivity, with interrupted or truncated rods, and thinning of trabecular plates. Note that the loss of horizontal or lateral struts occurs before loss of vertical struts, resulting in reduced load-bearing capacity, decreased bone strength and a greater susceptibility to fracture. This helps us understand why the definition of osteoporosis includes a reference to both a loss in mass or bone density as well as microarchitectural deterioration. * * 这张幻灯显示的是罗盖全的药代动力学特性，从图中我们可以看出，罗盖全是活性维生素D3，而1α(OH) D3需经过肝脏羟化激活才能其效，普通活性维生素D3则需经过肝脏和肾脏羟化酶激活才能起效；由此可见，罗盖全无需肝肾羟化激活，对肝肾功能没有影响，是活性最高的维生素D3。 这张幻灯显示的是罗盖全的药代动力学特性，从图中我们可以看出，罗盖全是活性维生素D3，而1α(OH) D3需经过肝脏羟化激活才能其效，普通活性维生素D3则需经过肝脏和肾脏羟化酶激活才能起效；由此可见，罗盖全无需肝肾羟化激活，对肝肾功能没有影响，是活性最高的维生素D3。 2007: 2008: 1500; 2009: 1620 * * * * * In 2004 Medicare in the U.S. reclassified obesity from a “condition” to a disease. The reclassification was the result of the increasing pile of evidence that obesity is a lead in to other serious conditions such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Body Mass index, or weight divided by height squared, was used to define overweight and obese categories. But BMI has its problems. * According to WHO guidelines, this subject would be diagnosed with “class one obesity”. Clearly this is an error resulting from the fact that a subject’s weight is not a very good indicator of obesity. Weight is composed of both fat and lean mass, and only the fat mass component contributes to obesity. A more sensitive and specific measure is required to avoid misclassification. T