英语语法__代词.ppt
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POINTS OF KNOWLEDGE 一,代词及其先行项的“数”的一致 1,先行项为某些并列结构时代词的选择 当先行项为某些并列结构时,一般根据该并列结构的单复数意义来决定代词以及相应限定词的单复数形式。例如: My friend and roommate has agreed to lend me his car. My friend and my roommate have agreed to lend me their cars. 2,先行项为某些集体名词时代词的选择 当先行项为某些集体名词时,随后的代词以及相应的限定词依该集体名词用于何种意义而定。例如: The team has won its first game. The team are now on the floor taking their practice shots at the basket. SUPPLEMENT ★NO.1 Personal Pronoun(人称代词) 1.人称代词有时可以用作n.,可有-s复数形式; I→“自我,极端自私的人”; He/She →“男性/女性”“雄性/雌性” eg: Is the new baby a he or she? 2.如果人称代词并列,应注意其排列顺序: (1)第二人称+第一人称 eg: you and us (2)第三人称+第一人称 eg: Henry and me (3)第二人称+第三人称 eg: you and they (4)第二人称+第三人称+第一人称 eg: you,Jim and I (5)第一人称+不定代词 eg: I and anyone else will enjoy the music. (6)第一人称+带后置定语的并列成分 eg:I and the old man living next door. (7)第一人称+第二或第三人称(在承担责任,承认错误,检讨工作时) eg: I and she are to blame. (8)父母、妻子、丈夫+第一人称+子女 eg: My husband and I and our twin sons,Tom and Scot,will be going. Your Problems—We Solve 1,什么是分裂句? 2,正式用语与非正式用语的区别? 3,通性名词与中性名词的区别? 4,who与whom如何区分用法? 5,如何翻译Mrs Smith will go and see Nancy herself.与He spoke to the president himself.如何避免歧义现象? 6,限定词与代词的关系? * * * * * * 3,先行项为“复数名词或代词+each”时代词的选择 当先行项为复数名词或代词做句子并带有each作同谓语时,如果each出现在动词之前,随后的人称代词或相应的限定词作复数:如果each位于动词之后,随后的人称代词或相应的限定词用单数。例如: They each had their problems. They had each his own problem. 二,代词及其先行项的“性”的一致 1,人们常称呼自己喜爱的汽车为she或her; A:How is your new car? B:Terrific. She is going like a bomb. 2.汽车的女主人也可能称汽车he或him The car needs some petrol, Let is fill him up at the next filling station. 3,当先行词为国家名称时,如果仅视为地理名称,代词或相应的限定词用中性,但若视为政治实体或者说话人带有感情色彩,代词或相应的限定词用阴性。例如: China is in East Asia. It is one of the largest countries in the world. 三,代词的格 1,当句子主语为”every/nobody+but/except+人称代词“的结构时,这种人称代词按照传统语法该用宾语,因为but/except是介词。但在实际使用中,只要人称代词出现在主语位置,常用主格。例如; Nobody but she can solve our problems . 2,但若以上主语与被分隔使用”but/except+人称代词”这一介词词组出现在结尾时,则人称代词用宾格: Nobody can solve our problems but her. 3.如果“everybody/nobody+but/except+人称代词”结
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