英语语法 代词[精选].doc
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英语语法——代词与数词
来源:普特英语
代词
一.概说
定义 :代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词:
1)和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如:
I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语)
This is John Smith speaking.(打电话用语)我是约翰?史密斯。(作主语)
Can I help you?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语)
Thats all.我的话完了。(作表语)
2)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语)
All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语)
3)格的变化 有些代词有格的变化,如 I 我(主格),me我(宾格),Who谁(主格),whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格,如whose谁的,others别人的,somebodys某人的,ones一个人的。
4)单复数形式 有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同,如one-ones,other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等,其复数形式与此不同,须个别记忆。
5)有或没有冠词 代词之前一般不用冠词,只有少数例外。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等。
种类
1)人称代词(personal pronoun)
a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they.
b)宾格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them.
2)物主代词(possessive pronoun):
a)形容词性物主代词:my,his,her,its;our,your,their.
b)名词性物主代词:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.
3)自身代词(self-pronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself.
4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another.
5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same.
6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what.
7)关系代词(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that.
8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither.
表示我,、你、他、我们、你们、他们等的词,叫做人称代词。
人称代词的用法
a)作主语
I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks,
You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers.
He is a barber.(理发员) The yare barbers.
She is a nurse.(护士)The yare nurses.
It is a cart.(大车) They are carts.
b)作表语
Its I .是我。 Oh,its you. 噢,是你。
[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)
[注二]口语习惯上不说its I (he, she等),而说Its me (him,her等)。
a)作及物动词的宾语
The dog bit him.那只狗咬了他。
Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。
This is my new hat. Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子,你喜欢吗?
b)作介词的宾语
My brother often writes tome.我弟弟常给我写信。
They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。
各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外,还有下列一些特殊用法:
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