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英语语法7-代词.doc

发布:2017-05-20约6.53千字共11页下载文档
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英语语法——代词 定义 :代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词: 1.1代词在句子中的功用 1)和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如: I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语) 2)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语) 3)格的变化 有些代词有格的变化,如 I 我(主格),me我(宾格),Who谁(主格),whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格,如whose谁的,others别人的,somebodys某人的,ones一个人的。 4)单复数形式 有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同,如one-ones,other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等,其复数形式与此不同,须个别记忆。 1.2英语有下列几种代词: 1)人称代词(personal pronoun) a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they. b)宾格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them. 2)物主代词(possessive pronoun): a)形容词性物主代词:my,his,her,its;our,your,their. b)名词性物主代词:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs. 3)自身代词(self-pronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself. 4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another. 5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same. 6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what. 7)关系代词(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that. 8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither. 二.人称代词概说 表示我,、你、他、我们、你们、他们等的词,叫做人称代词。 1)人称代词主格的用法 a)作主语 I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks, You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers. 2)人称代词宾格的用法 a)作及物动词的宾语 Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。 b)作介词的宾语 They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。 b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等,以表示亲切和爱抚。如: Thats the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - going freighter.那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。 d) they可用来代替一般的人,特别在they say中。如: They say theres going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又是个丰收年。 三.物主代词概说 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。 1)形容词性物主代词用作定语 I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the Plains. 我上星期六看了一个电影,名叫《平原游击队》。 2)名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语 a)用作主语: Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我们的房间在一层,他们的在二层。 Ours is a socialist country.我们的国家是社会主义国家。 b)用作宾语: I did
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