英语语法7-代词.doc
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英语语法——代词
定义 :代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词:
1.1代词在句子中的功用
1)和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如:
I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语)
2)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语)
3)格的变化 有些代词有格的变化,如 I 我(主格),me我(宾格),Who谁(主格),whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格,如whose谁的,others别人的,somebodys某人的,ones一个人的。
4)单复数形式 有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同,如one-ones,other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等,其复数形式与此不同,须个别记忆。
1.2英语有下列几种代词:
1)人称代词(personal pronoun)
a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they.
b)宾格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them.
2)物主代词(possessive pronoun):
a)形容词性物主代词:my,his,her,its;our,your,their.
b)名词性物主代词:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.
3)自身代词(self-pronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself.
4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another.
5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same.
6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what.
7)关系代词(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that.
8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither.
二.人称代词概说
表示我,、你、他、我们、你们、他们等的词,叫做人称代词。
1)人称代词主格的用法
a)作主语
I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks,
You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers.
2)人称代词宾格的用法
a)作及物动词的宾语
Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。
b)作介词的宾语
They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。
b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等,以表示亲切和爱抚。如:
Thats the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - going freighter.那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。
d) they可用来代替一般的人,特别在they say中。如:
They say theres going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又是个丰收年。
三.物主代词概说
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。
1)形容词性物主代词用作定语
I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the Plains.
我上星期六看了一个电影,名叫《平原游击队》。
2)名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语
a)用作主语:
Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我们的房间在一层,他们的在二层。
Ours is a socialist country.我们的国家是社会主义国家。
b)用作宾语:
I did
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