认知语言学文献综述.doc

衡水学院 毕业论文（设计）文献综述 题目:Prototypical Image Schema of “UP and DOWN” and Its Metaphorical Mapping 学生姓名 : 孙广玲 系 别 : 外国语言文学系 专 业 : 英语 年 级 : 2012级 学 号 : 201220303230 指导教师 : 赵学政 衡水学院教务处印制毕业论文文献综述 论文题目 Prototypical Image Schema of “UP and DOWN” and Its Metaphorical Mapping 指导教师 赵学政 研究方向 认知语言学 参考文献情况 国内 9 篇， 国外6 篇，共计 15 篇 参考文献时间 2013年11月23日 至 2013年12月1日 文献综述 Metaphor is viewed as a set of extraordinary figurative expression, as more or less ornamental devices used in literary and rhetorical style. However, since the 1970s, many researchers found the cognitive nature of metaphors. The publication of Lakoff and Johnson’s We Live By has established the status of metaphor in cognition. They state that metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but also in thought and action (Lakoff G and Johnson M, 203). In their view, frequently used metaphorical expressions are evidence of concepts underlying our everyday understanding of events and experiences. According to the cognitive approach, metaphor is essentially regarded as a mapping from the source domain to the target domain. The philosophical grounding for the cognitive approach is experiential realism which considers bodily experience and daily life experience as the source of human cognition (秦苏芳, 78-80). Since space experience is one of the most common one in human life, people are likely to give a non-spatial concept a spatial orientation. Metaphors can be a concept domain system correspondence mapping to another conceptual domain by means of human cognitive and reasoning (王寅, 128). Specifically, metaphor is associated with one thing and another， the directive of the things projected from a concept to another which is intended to express something, that is cognitive projection or map in cognitive linguistics (Bander R.G，87). In order to understand and describe the unknown phenomenon, we should based on the known concepts of human expression and tone from outside to inside, from the