小学英语语法知识点汇总 精讲练.doc
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小学英语语法知识点汇总 精讲+精练
名 词
表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;
1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况
1)有生命的+es 如:mango-mangoes potato -potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
2) 无生命的+s 如:photo-photos radio-radios
f. 名词的复数形式的不规则变化
1)man---men woman---women child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice goose---geese
2) 单复数同形的名词,如:deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese
3)还有一些名词本身就是以复数形式出现的。如:shorts , jeans, socks, clothes, trousers, shoes
2、不可数名词没有复数。
如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判断步骤:????????????????????????????????????????????????? ↗如是am、is或was→原形读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词????????????????????????????????????????????????? ↘如是are或were→加s或es练一练1、写出下列各词的复数。 I_____?him_____?this_____ her_____ watch_____ mango_____
child _____ photo _____ diary _____?day________? foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______?? box_______? strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______?sandwich______?? man______?? woman_______? leaf_______?? people________2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。(1)Are there two??????????????? ( box ) on the table?(2)I can see some???????????????? ( people ) in the cinema.(3)How many???????????????? ( day ) are there in a week?(4)Here’re five??????????????? ( bottle ) of????????????????? ( juice ) for you.(5)This??????????????? ( violin ) is hers. Those??????????????? (grape) are over there.
二、冠? 词
冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件……”。
an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如: an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an hour…
a 用语辅音音素开头的单词前,如:a book, a pen
2、定冠词:the用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法:? (1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.? (2)表示说话者双
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