the application of genomics to emerging zoonotic viral diseases新兴人畜共患病毒疾病基因组学的应用.pdf

Review The Application of Genomics to Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases Bart L. Haagmans, Arno C. Andeweg, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus* Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands influenza A viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome Abstract: Interspecies transmission of pathogens may coronavirus (SARS-CoV), may need multiple genetic changes to result in the emergence of new infectious diseases in adapt successfully to humans as a new host species; these changes humans as well as in domestic and wild animals. might include differential receptor usage, enhanced replication, Genomics tools such as high-throughput sequencing, evasion of innate and adaptive host immune defenses, and/or mRNA expression profiling, and microarray-based analysis increased efficiency of transmission. Understanding the complex of single nucleotide polymorphisms are providing un- interactions between the invading pathogen on the one hand and precedented ways to analyze the diversity of the genomes of emerging pathogens as well as the molecular basis of the new host on the other as they progress toward a new host– the host response to them. By comparing and contrasting pathogen equilibrium is a major challenge that differs substantially the outcomes of an emerging infection with those of for each successful inte