strong hiv-1-specific t cell responses in hiv-1-exposed uninfected infants and neonates revealed after regulatory t cell removal强hiv-1-specific t细胞反应hiv-1-exposed未感染的婴儿和新生儿调节性t细胞清除后显示.pdf

Strong HIV-1-Specific T Cell Responses in HIV-1-Exposed Uninfected Infants and Neonates Revealed after Regulatory T Cell Removal 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 ´ Fatema A. Legrand , Douglas F. Nixon *, Christopher P. Loo , Erika Ono , Joan M. Chapman , Maristela Miyamoto , Ricardo S. Diaz , Amelia M. N. 3 3 4 4 3 3 Santos , Regina C. M. Succi , Jacob Abadi , Michael G. Rosenberg , Maria Isabel de Moraes-Pinto , Esper G. Kallas 1 Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Division ˜ of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 3 Federal University of Sao Paulo, ˜ Sao Paulo, Brazil, 4 Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America Background. In utero transmission of HIV-1 occurs on average in only 3%–15% of HIV-1-exposed neonates born to mothers not on antiretroviral drug therapy. Thus, despite potential exposure, the majority of infants remain uninfected. Weak HIV-1- specific T-cell responses have been detected in children exposed to HIV-1, and potentially contribute to protection against infection. We, and others, have recently shown that the removal of CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells can reveal strong HIV-1 specific T-cell responses in some HIV-1 infected adults. Here, we hypothesized that Treg cells could suppress HIV-1-specific immune responses in young children. Methodology/Principal Findings. We studied two