《儿科学》呼吸系统疾病（英文）-教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

RespiratoryDiseases1

GeneralIntroductionRespiratorydisordersimportantasTheyaccountfor50%ofconsultationswithgeneralpractitionersforacuteillnessinyoungchildrenandathirdofconsultationsinolderchildrenRespiratoryillnessleadsto20-35%ofacutepaediatricadmissionstohospital,someofwhicharelife-threateningAsthmaisthemostcommonchronicillnessofchildhoodintheworld2

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AcuteUpperRespiratoryInfection(AURI)8

IntroductionAURIsarethemostfrequentlyoccurringillnessinchildren.Onaverage,childrenacquirethreetoeightAURIseveryyear.AURIsaregenerallycausedbytheviruses.Therearelittledifferenceintheincidenceofcoldsbysex,race,orgeograhpicregion.Environmentalfactorsthatincreasethelikelihoodofacquiringcoldincludeattendanceatchildcarefacilities,smoking,passiveexposuretosmoke,lowincome,crowdingandpsychologicstress.Fogandhaze.9

EtiologyCommonvirusesthatusuallycausecommoncoldsRhinovirusesParainfluenzaorinfluenzavirusesRespiratorySyncytialVirus(RSV)CoronavirusesAdenovirusEnterovirusesCoxsackieVirusandECHOVirusReoviruses10

EtiologyThecommoncoldhasover200knownviralcauses:30%arerhinoviruses.15%areinfluenzaorparainfluenzaviruses.10%arecoronaviruses.(20%inadult.)5%areenteroviruses.40%areunknown.11

EtiologyParainfluenzaviruses(types1～4)oftenproducelowerrespiratorydiseasebut,particularlyinreinfections,thesymptomsmaypresentasuncomplicatedAURIs.RSVoftenbeginsininfantsasaAURIbutspreadstothelowerrespiratorytract.12

EtiologyVirusesColdvirusesmaybetransmittedbythreeroutes:Large-particledroplets,whichcantravelashortdistancetodirectlyinoculateanotherpersonSmall-particleaerosols,whichcantravellongerdistancesanddepositdirectlyinalveoliofotherindividualsSecretion,whicharetransmittedbydirectphysicalcontact13

EtiologyBacteriaAbacteralinfectionissecondary.Themo