association of urinary bisphenol a concentration with heart disease evidence from nhanes 200306尿双酚a浓度与心脏病协会从200306年nhanes的证据.pdf

Association of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration with Heart Disease: Evidence from NHANES 2003/06 1 1 2 3 2 David Melzer *, Neil E. Rice , Ceri Lewis , William E. Henley , Tamara S. Galloway 1 Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, 2 School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, 3 School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom Abstract Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical widely used in food and drinks packaging. Associations have previously been reported between urinary BPA concentrations and heart disease, diabetes and liver enzymes in adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003/04. We aimed to estimate associations between urinary BPA concentrations and health measures in NHANES 2005/06 and in data pooled across collection years. Methodology and Findings: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES: subjects were n = 1455 (2003/04) and n = 1493 (2005/06) adults aged 18–74 years, representative of the general adult population of the United States. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, BMI, waist circumference, and urinary creatinine concentration. Main outcomes were reported diagnoses of heart attack, coronary heart disease, angina and diabetes and serum liver enzyme levels. Urinary BPA concentrations in 2005/06 (geometric mean 1.79 ng/ml, 95% CI: 1.64 to 1.96) were lower than in 2003/04 (2.49 ng/ml, CI: 2.20 to 2.83, difference p-value = 0.00002). Higher BPA concentrations we