高考与英语语法专题讲解-定语从句_同位语从句_强调句.doc

高考英语语法专题讲解- 高考英语语法专题讲解1. 定语从句 1.1 三步思考： （1）找出先行词； （2）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； （3）选择合适的关联词。 1.2何时用that ？何时用which？ 1.2.1只能用 that 的3种情况： （1）先行词被序数词最高级，以及the only 、the very the same、the last修饰过. （2）先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词. （3）先行词同时是人和物并列时. e.g. Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked of things and persons that they remembered in school. 1.2.2 只能用which的情况： （1）介宾短语 （2）指代前面的一件事 e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed. 1.3关系代词as（正如…） 1.3.1 as在定语从句中作主语 e.g. As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature. We have found such material as is used in their factory. (非同一块材料) We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料) 1.3.2 as在定语从句中作宾语 e.g. She is remarkable, as I have told you . She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件) She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件) 1.3.3 as在定语从句中作表语 e.g. He was not the same person as he ( was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as) = He was not the same person that he was. 1.3.4 as的固定用法: As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, … 1.4 all that 和what All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place. that引导定语从句 that引导表语从句 = What I know is that …… What引导主语从句 1.5 关系副词: where, when, why 比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago. This is the house which I visited. I will never forget the day when I joined the army. I will never forget the day that we spent together. The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to my party. The reason you gave me yesterday cannot be accepted. The reason is that I want you to come to my party. 表语从句 只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。 p.s. 在判断选用关系代词或关系副词时，尤其要注意：及物动词后直接加宾语，则选关系代词；不及物动词后不可直接加宾语，则选关系副词！ 2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别 2.1形式结构基本相同都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。句法功能不相同The news that the leader will come here is not true. 在从句中不担任成分 The news that you told me last we