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高钾血症-王方.ppt

发布:2017-12-29约3.88千字共23页下载文档
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Hyperkalemia 高钾血症 皖南医学院 王方 5·12汶川地震 学习目标: 3.Grasp the management of hyperkalemia. 掌握高钾血症的处理原则。 2.Familiar with the etiology and clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia ;熟悉高钾血症的病因、临床表现; 1.Understand the significance of potassium; 了解钾的生理功能; Significance of potassium【钾的生理功能】 8% 2% Internal potassium distribution 90% ICF(140-160mmol/L) ECF(3.5~5.5mmol/L) Bone K+ Significance of potassium【钾的生理功能】 Promoting the cell metabolism参与和维持细胞的代谢 Regulating the osmotic pressure and acid-base balance 维持细胞内渗透压、酸碱平衡 Maintain the excitability of neuromuscular tissue 维持神经肌肉组织的兴奋性 Maintenance of myocardial physiological functions 维持心肌的生理功能 Hypokalemia: Classification 钾代谢异常种类 低钾血症: Hyperkalemia: 高钾血症: serum potassium level less than 3.5mmol/L 血钾浓度低于3.5mmol/L. serum potassium level exceeds 5.5mmol/L 血钾浓度高于5.5mmol/L. Etiology 病因 1.Excessive potassium intake 钾摄入过多 2.Decreased potassium excretion 肾排泄功能减退 3.Movement of potassium from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid 细胞内钾外逸 Etiology 病因 1.Excessive potassium intake 钾摄入过多 Overingestion of potassium-containing foods or medications 食入过多含钾食物或药物 b. Rapid infusion of potassium-containing IV solutions 静脉补钾过量或过速 Etiology 病因 2.Decreased potassium excretion 肾排泄功能减退 Renal failure 肾衰 b. potassium-conserving diuretics 保钾利尿剂 Spironolactone 螺内酯(安体舒通) Triamterene 氨苯蝶啶 Etiology 病因 3.Movement of potassium from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid 细胞内钾外逸 Hypercatabolism: Crushing injury、burns 分解代谢过度 :挤压伤综合征、烧伤 b. Age(stored) blood 库血 c. Metabolic acidosis 代酸 clinical manifestations 临床表现 1.Nuromuscular 神经、肌肉应激性改变 兴奋 抑制:vague mind、paresthesias、 profound weakness、 ascending flaccid paralysis in the arms and legs 2.Gastrointestinal 消化道功能障碍 na
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