第2章 急性上呼吸道感染和急性气管-支（Chapter 2 acute upper respiratory tract infection and acute tracheal - branch）.doc

第2章 急性上呼吸道感染和急性气管-支（Chapter 2 acute upper respiratory tract infection and acute tracheal - branch） Chapter ii acute upper respiratory tract infection and acute tracheal bronchitis Section 1 acute upper respiratory tract infection Acute upper respiratory tract infection, or acute upper respiratory tract infection, is referred to as a general term for acute inflammation of the nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx. The main pathogens are viruses, and the few are bacteria. Illness regardless of age, sex, occupation and area, immune function low persons susceptibility. Usually the condition is lighter, the course is short, can self-heal, the prognosis is good. However, due to high incidence, it not only affects the work and life, but also can be accompanied by serious complications, and has certain infectivity, should be actively prevented. [epidemiology] It is one of the most common infectious diseases of mankind. It is mainly distributed in winter and spring, and it can be popular in small scale when climate change occurs. It is transmitted mainly through air transmission through the patients sneezing and respiratory droplets containing the virus, or through contaminated hands and utensils. Can cause the pathogens of feeling mostly for widely exists in the nature of various types of virus, while healthy people can carry, and weak in the infection after the bodys defenses, brief, no cross between virus immune, it can come on over and over again. [etiology and pathogenesis] On acute sense about 70% - 8 o % caused by viruses, including rhinoviruses, coronary virus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus, the virus, coxsackie virus, etc. Another 2 o % to 30% on feeling for bacteria, can be simple or secondary to infection occurred after, to see multiple oral bacteria colonize hemolytic streptococcus, followed by haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus and streptococcus pneumoniae, accidentally see gram-negative bacilli. But whether the pathogen i