THE EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF TH E (的进化和生物地理学TH E).pdf
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Raven, R . J . 1980 . The evolution and biogeography of the mygalomorph spider family Hexathelidae
(Araneae, Chelicerata) . J . Arachnol., 8 :251-266 .
THE EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF TH E
MYGALOMORPH SPIDER FAMILY HEXATHELIDA E
(ARANEAE, CHELICERATA )
Robert J . Rave n
Queensland Museum
Gregory Terrace, Fortitude Valley, Queenslan d
ABSTRAC T
The family Hexathelidae is newly erected . Three subfamilies are recognized : Plesiothelinae, for the
monotypic Tasmanian genus Plesiothele ; Macrothelinae, confined to Macrothele, Porrhothele and
Atrax ; and the Hexathelinae include Hexathele, Scotinoecus, Bymainiella, Paraembolides, gen . nov .
and Terania, gen . nov . The synapomorphic character required for group membership is numerou s
labial cuspules . Using the size of the anterior lateral spinnerets, the development of megaspines on th e
first tibia of males, the paraembolic apophysis, and shape of the labium and other characters, th e
evolution of subfamilies, genera and some species is discussed using Hennigian principles . A biogeo-
graphic hypothesis is proposed using the vicariance events of Plate Tectonic theory . The sister group of
the Hexathelidae is the Dipluridae, and the sister group of both is the Mecicobothriidae . The subfamily
Ischnothelinae is erected to receive those genera of the traditional Macrothelinae that have no labia l
cuspules .
INTRODUCTION
The Mygalomorphae are an important group of spiders that have been neglected in
discussions of evolution and biogeography . They are important as they possess feature s
widely regarded as plesiomorphic in spiders, and they give a major perspective to evolu-
tionary hypo
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