2014年高考英语总复习专项专题课件︰定语从句.ppt
文本预览下载声明
语法专项突破;知识必备 ;1.who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语);2.whose用来指人或物。如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人的车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。;3.which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如:
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语);The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)
;that/which/who/whom的区别
(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。如:
All the people that are present burst into tears.
所有在场的人们都大哭起来。;(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that。
This is the best composition that has been written in English.
这是用英语写得最好的文章。;(3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。如:
There are about seven million people taking part in the election,most of whom are well educated.
大约有7,000,000人参加竞选,其中大多数人都受过良好教育。;(4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this相似,并可以指人。如:
He succeeded in the competition,which made his parents very happy.
他赢得了这次比赛,这使得他父母非常高兴。;(5)that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6)which可作表语,既可指人,也可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征、品性或才能的人。which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。
(7)如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。;(8)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。如:
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
画中的那个小男孩和那条狗都非常可爱。;(9)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which。如:
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
这儿有没有人愿意跟你一起去?;二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
(1)when,where,why
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。如:;There are occasions when(on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which)Iwas born.
北京
显示全部