浅析中西方文化差异对翻译的影响.doc

浅析中西方文化差异对翻译的影响 Abstract: Different countries have different cultures. Since our world is becoming smaller, those cultures are being globalized. It is widely acknowledged that a language is the reflection of a country’s national consciousness and cultural characteristics. Thus, cultural differences should be taken into consideration when translating. Without understanding the culture in language, one can not translate it well. This is the so called”Learning a language is a kind of learning the culture and habit of the country where the language is spoken. This research paper mainly talks about the influences of cultural differences on translation. There are seven kinds of influences analyzed in the research paper. They are custom, thinking method, religion, living circumstance, social courtesy, living habit, and terms of address. All of them considered during the process of translating. Or else, it may cause an unpleasant even a false translation. The last part of the research paper talks about some ways to deal with cultural differences in translation. Key words；different cultures translation globalized cultural differences influences seven kinds of influences ways to deal with cultural differences 习俗的差异对翻译的影响 由于所处地域的不同，每个人都受不同地域文化的影响。尽管如此，人们对客观世界的总的认知是一致的。因而就出现了各民族往往用不同的比喻来表达同一种认知的现象。比如英语中的“To kill two birds with one stone.”如果直译的话是“一石打死二鸟”，而汉语却说成“一箭双雕”或“一举两得”。在其他不同的国家，受不同文化的影响，这句话又有其他的说法。俄语的说法相当于“一枪打死两只兔子”，德语说法却相当于“一个拍子打两只苍蝇”。其他类似的例子还有“black sheep”汉语译为“害群之马”，“the apple of somebody’ eye”汉语译为“掌上明珠”。 英汉习俗的差异是多方面的。这就使得在翻译过程中会出现对某些词汇的理解大相径庭的现象。最典型的要数中西方对“狗”（dog）这一词语的理解上。西方国家把看做是最忠诚的朋友，人类最忠实的伴侣，因而在西方有关狗的习语大都是褒义的。如： You are a lucky dog.（你是一个幸运儿。） Every dog has its day.（凡人皆有得意日。） Love me, love my dog.（爱屋及乌。） top dog（重要的人） 而在汉语中，“狗”这一词条往往作为贬义词来用。如：“狐朋狗友”、“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”、“走狗”等等。总而言之，还是由于中西方习俗的差异。西方人有爱狗的传统，而中国人只把狗当做看门的工具或是食物来看待。近年来，由于中西方文化的交融，中国人对狗的看法也在逐渐改变。 思维方式的差异对翻译的影响 中西方在思维方式上存在很大差异。西方的思维方式可以追溯到苏格拉底所开创的思辨方式，主张人物分离，崇尚个人主义。因而西方人在思维习惯上常在“同”中求“异”，重视抽象思