我国环境标准制度存在问题及对策.pdf

中国环境科学 2012,32(1) ：187~192 China Environmental Science 我国环境标准制度存在的问题及对策 张 晏,汪 劲* (北京大学法学院,北京 100871) 摘要： 目前我国的环境标准制度存在诸多不足.环境标准本身科学性不强,存在着标准滞后、空白、总量控制标准少、确定和修改依据不 明、缺少专门针对公众健康设定的指标以及针对同一环境要素数值交叉等问题,这同时也与环境标准的法律性质不明确、编制机构不中立、 编制程序不完善、公众参与不足密切相关.而环境标准体系本身的不完善也带来环境标准适用上的困难和障碍.对此,需要从法律制度和政 策选择上寻求突破, 明确环境标准的法律地位和效力,建立环境标准制定和修改的规则,确立环境标准的适用原则和条件,从而进一步完善 环境标准制度. 关键词：环境标准；问题；对策 中图分类号：X32 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2012)01-0187-06 Problems of China’s system of environmental standards and the countermeasures. ZHANG Yan, WANG Jin *( Law School, Peking University, Beijing 100871). China Environmental Science, 2012,32(1)：187~192 Abstract ：China’s current system of environmental standards has many problems. The formation of environmental standards is lack of scientific basis. Legislative gaps exist in standards based on total amount control, standards formulated for public health protection, and standards on controlling new pollutants and hazardous substances. The reasons for these problems are that the legal nature of environmental standards has not been clarified, standards producing agencies are not independent and impartial, standards drafting process is imperfect, and public participation is not sufficient. These problems result in difficulties in the application of environmental standards. In this regard, we should attach importance to seek breakthrough in legislation and policies-making; therefore, to identify the legal nature and validity of environmental standards, to establish procedure rules of environmental standards formulation and revision, to determine principles and conditions of application, and to further perfect the system of environmental standards. Key words ：environmental standards ；problems ；countermeasures 环境标准的制定和实施是环境行政的起点 空气质量标准,将大范围超标.”一般认为,环境质 和环境管理的重要依据.我国一向重视环境标准 量