企业文化：危胁还是机遇？外文翻译.doc

本科毕业论文（设计） 外 文 翻 译 原文： The Enterprise Culture:Threat or Opportunity? Enterprise, with its associated ideas ofentrepreneurship, intrapreneurship and small business are vogue words of the 1980s. Many factors have contributed to their wide usage: ? the worldwide recession, with its particular impact on unemployment and the decline of manufacturing industries; ? the switch of employment emphasis from manufacturing to service industries; ? the desire of large organisations to cut their overheads by more contracting out; ? a growing desire among many managers for independence, leading to the setting up of an increasing number of small businesses; ? changing technology and communication trends which facilitate working at a distance and therefore make self-employment and small businesses more viable. The intention of this article is to look afresh at the enterprise culture of the mid-1980s,analysing its nature and examining the people, the circumstances, the markets, and most important of all,the organisations which encourage enterprise and which can best benefit from the practice of entrepreneurship. A The Nature of Enterprise Enterprise and small business are frequently used as if they were synonymous, though as we shall see, they are not. 1 Enterprise and the Entrepreneur An entrepreneur is an enterprising person, that is, he/she shows certain enterprising attributes and patterns of behaviour and thinking, usually in a business setting . An entrepreneur, then, is most usefully defined according to a set of personal attributes. But are these attributes inborn in certain favoured individuals or can anyone learn them if the circumstances are right? The answer seems to lie somewhere in between. Some people are innately more enterprising than others, while education and experience also encourage or discourage the growth of enterprise . In a small business, a persons innate entrepreneurial attributes are stimulated and perhaps developed to be a function of the specific expe