企业文化的动态：概念与理论外文翻译.doc

外 文 翻 译 原文： 原文原文 The dynamics of corporate culture: conception and theory by Richard L. Brinkman The dynamics of culture evolution An understanding of the conception of corporate culture requires, at the outset, a clarification of how the anthropologist’s conception of culture relates to the economic process overall. Some of the most important concepts in science, though very complex and entailing many variables, have been defined in very simple terms. For example, energy: “as the capacity to do work”, technology: “as the application of knowledge”, and, institutions: “as settled social habits of thought”. Edward B. Tylor in defining culture: “as that complex whole”, also served to establish the science of anthropology. Such a conception of culture can be defined in many ways; the Kroeber and Kluckhohn study reveals some 164 definitions of culture but all of which appear compatible and consistent with Tylor’s seminal conception, “as that complex whole”. But how is culture, so conceptualized, related to the overall of the economic process? Three basic questions appear relevant: 1.What evolves, substantively, in the economic process? 2.What is the form and structure of economic and culture evolution? 3.How then to explain the process of structural transformation? Question 1： What evolves substantively in the economic process is culture. As noted previously, there are many ways of defining culture. Many offer a definition of culture relegated essentially to nonmaterial culture and provide conceptions related primarily to values and attitudes. However, a very important conceptual aspect of culture is that culture is both material and nonmaterial.Values, institutions, mores and so on constitute aspects of nonmaterial culture.But nonmaterial culture does not constitute the totality of ``that complex whole. In line with the Tylor conception, Elman R. Service defines culture as``The sum total of the social and political rules, technological inventions and economic instit