约束理论外文翻译.doc

附录A Theory of Constraint An output of a system that identifies the need for and the type of action to be taken to correct a current or potential problem. Examples of action messages in an MRP system include release order, reschedule in, reschedule out, and cancel. In constraint management, the use of nonconstraint resources to make parts or products above the level needed to support the system constraint(s). The result is excessive work-in-process inventories or finished goods inventories, or both. In contrast, the term utilization is used to describe the situation in which nonconstraint resource(s) usage is synchronized to support the needs of the constraint. The classification of quantities of items that have been assigned to specific orders but have not yet been released from the stockroom to production. It is an uncashed stockroom requisition. 2) A process used to distribute material in short supply. A routing, usually less preferred than the primary routing, but resulting in an identical item. Alternate routings may be maintained in the computer or off-line via manual methods, but the computer software must be able to accept alternate routings for specific jobs. The percentage of time that a worker or machine is capable of working. The formula is Availability = (S - B)*100% / S Where S is the scheduled time and B is the downtime. The volume/mix of throughput on which financial budgets were set and overhead/burden absorption rates established. In the theory of constraints, a process in which all expediting in a shop is driven by what is scheduled to be in the buffers. By expediting this material into the buffers, the system helps avoid idleness at the constraint and missed customer due dates. In addition, the causes of items missing from the buffer are identified, and the frequency of occurrence is used to prioritize improvement activities. A material of value produced as a residual of or incidental to the production process. The ratio of by-product to prima