组织文化外文翻译.doc

外 文 翻 译 原文： Organizational culture Organizational culture is an idea in the field of organizational studies and management which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization. It has been defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. This definition continues to explain organizational values, also called as beliefs and ideas about what kinds of goals members of an organization should pursue and ideas about the appropriate kinds or standards of behavior organizational members should use to achieve these goals. From organizational values develop organizational norms, guidelines, or expectations that prescribe appropriate kinds of behavior by employees in particular situations and control the behavior of organizational members towards one another. Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron researched what makes organizations effective and successful. Based on the Competing Values Framework, they developed the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument that distinguishes four culture types. See their book: Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture. Competing values produce polarities like: flexibility versus stability and internal versus external focus. These two polarities were found to be most important in defining organizational success. The polarities construct a quadrant with four types of culture: Clan Culture - internal focus and flexible A friendly workplace where leaders act like father figures. Adhocracy Culture - external focus and flexible A dynamic workplace with leaders that stimulate innovation. Market Culture - external focus and controlled A competitive workplace with leaders like hard drivers Hierarchy Culture - internal focus and controlled A structured and formalized workplac