大脑皮质基底神及损伤.ppt

端 脑 Telencephalon 大脑半球的外形 External Appearances of Cerebral Hemispheres ◇ 大脑纵裂 cerebral longitudinal fissure ◇ 大脑横裂 cerebral transverse fissure 2 上外侧面的沟与回Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface 1）第I 躯体运动区 Primary motor area Located in precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule 中央前回和中央旁小叶前部 Characters ① 上下颠倒 --The body is represented in the motor area as inverted, but head and face are upright ② 左右交叉 -- send out fibers to controll the voluntary movements of contralateral limbs. ③ 皮质区域的大小与躯体功能相关 -- The size of cortical area representing parts of the body is determined by the functional importance of the part. Lies in postcentral gyrus and posterior portion of paracentral lobule 中央后回和中央旁小叶后部 3) 视区 Visual area Lie on either side of calcarine sulcus 距状沟皮质 in medial surface of occipital lobe 4) 听区 Auditory area Located in transverse gyri 颞横回 Receive auditory information from both ears it is dominant in left hemisphere in right-handed person ■ 视觉性语言中枢 Visual speech area -- Located in angular gyrus 角回 -- Lesion alexia 失读症 ◇中央部 Central part lies in parietal lobe ◇ 前角 Anterior horn extends into frontal lobe ◇ 后角 Posterior horn extend into occipital lobe ◇ 下角 Inferior horn extend into temporal lobe ◇ 原皮质 archicortex (hippocampal formation) ◇ 旧皮质 paleocortex (rhinencephalon ) ◇ 新皮质 neocortex (most of cerebral cortex) ◇ 弓状纤维 Cerebral arcuate fibers ◇ 上纵束 Superior longitudinal fasciculus ◇ 下纵束 Inferior longitudinal fasciculus ◇ 钩束 Uncinate fasciculus ◇ 扣带 Cingulum ◇ 胼胝体 Corpus △ 嘴 rostrum △ 膝 genu △ 干 trunk △ 压部 splenium ◇ 前连合 Anterior commissure -- connect cortex with lower part of brain and spinal cord and they include both ascending and descending fibers 2）连合纤维 Commissural fibers -- run between left and right hemisphere ◇ 穹窿和穹窿连合 Fornix and commissure of fornix 胼胝体干 胼胝体压部 胼胝体膝 胼胝体嘴 穹隆柱 穹隆脚 穹隆体 海马 海马伞 前连