语态转化法:主动与被动.ppt
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汉译英:语态转化法 主动与被动 Group 8 * * 汉英语态的转换 在翻译实践中,汉英语态的转换极为常见,这主要是因为汉英两种语言在语态的使用上有各自的特点,汉语多使用主动语态,其被动语态的使用频率明显偏低。而英语则不然,其被动语态十分常用,大量的及物动词都可以用被动形式。 * * Group 8: 语态转换法:主动和被动 汉语主动句的翻译——方文龙 汉语被动句的翻译——陈康 * * 一、汉语的主动语态 (2)我们不能因为没发生什么问题就麻痹大意起来。 一、 译成英语的主动语态: (1)他喋喋不休地讲着,一遍又一遍地对我讲那回事。 He kept running on and on , telling me the same story over and over again. We can’t get unwary just because nothing unusual has cropped up. * * 一、汉语的主动语态 二、 译成英语的被动语态: (2)这项工作完成多久了? 1.主动与被动表达的意义无明显区别,可以把汉语的主动语态变成被动语态。 (1)他得了奖。 He won a prize. He was given a prize. How long has the work taken? How long has the work been done? * * 一、汉语的主动语态 2.强调受动者: 我们知道,发电站每年都大量产生电能。 As we know , electrical energy is produced in power stations in large amounts every day. 动作的承受者变成英语句子的主语,从而起到突出的作用。 * * 一、汉语的主动语态 3.加强上下文的连贯性: 她站在台上,观众报以热烈的掌声。 She appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 在英语中,使用被动语态有时可以使句子之间的衔接自然流畅。 * * 一、汉语的主动语态 4.无主句 (1)应该教导孩子讲老实话。 Children should be taught to speak the true (2)为了欢迎埃及贵宾,安排了一场音乐会。 A concert was laid on for the distinguished visitors from Egypt. * * 5.模糊主语: (1)人们把他的话理解为对政府外交政策的批评。 His remark was interpreted as a criticism about the government’s foreign policy. (2)有人指控他贪污。 一、汉语的主动语态 He was charged with embezzlement. * * 一、汉语的主动语态 其他类似的表达方式有: 人们认为……It is considered that… 人们相信……It is believed that… 有人主张……It is asserted that… 人们希望……It is hoped /expected that… 人们有时会问……It is sometimes asked that… 众所周知……It is well-known that… * * 一、汉语的主动语态 6.固定搭配: (1)有经验者不易上圈套。 An old bird is not to be caught with chaff。 (2)他天生适合做水手。 He is cut for a sailor. (3)他坚持不懈地从事着科研工作。 He was engaged in scientific researches perseveringly. * * 一、汉语的主动语态 7.含有被动意义的主动句: (1)一点声音也听不到。 Not a sound was heard. (2)热可以转换为能,能也可以转换为热。 Heat can be converted to energy ,and vice versa. * * 一、汉语的主动语态 8.特殊类型: (1)这酒口感不错,与价格相称。 This wine drinks well for its price. (2)白台布容易脏。 The white table cloth stains easily. (3)这种食物不好消化。 The food won’t digest we
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