外科复习提纲（Outline of surgical review）.doc

外科复习提纲（Outline of surgical review） The twelfth chapter neck disease First, the noun explanation 1. thyroid crisis 2. swelling of hyoid bone 3. thyroid surgical capsule Two. Questions and answers 1. summary the main complications of hyperthyroidism surgery. 2. to discuss the clinical manifestation and management of thyroid crisis. The thirteenth chapter breast disease First, the noun explanation 1. dimple sign 2.Pagets nipple disease 3., orange peel change Two. Questions and answers 1. to discuss the etiology, clinical manifestation and management of cystic hyperplasia of breast. 2. describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast. The fourteenth chapter chest injury First, the noun explanation 1. closed and open chest injuries 2. floating chest wall or flail chest wall 3. paradoxical breathing 4. tension pneumothorax 5. mediastinal flutter 6., bone friction 7. pericardial tamponade and cardiac tamponade 8. thoraco abdominal injuries 9.Beck triad 10. closed thoracic drainage Two. Questions and answers 1. pathophysiology and clinical manifestation of tension pneumothorax. 2. to discuss the pathophysiology and clinical manifestation of blood pericardium. The fifteenth chapter chest wall disease First, the noun explanation 1.Tietze disease 2. cold abscess of chest wall 3. chest wall dumbbell shaped abscess Two. Questions and answers 1. to discuss the etiology and pathological features of chest wall tuberculosis. 2. classification and treatment of common chest wall tumors. The sixteenth chapter is empyema First, the noun explanation 1. total empyema 2. septic empyema 3. since empyema 4. localized empyema Two. Questions and answers 1. briefly describe the causes of chronic empyema. 2. briefly describe the surgical methods and surgical indications of chronic empyema. The seventeenth chapter esophagus disease First, the noun explanation 1. early esophageal cancer 2. achalasia of the cardia 3. diverticulum of esophagus Two. Questions and answers 1. briefly describe the patholog